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Bipolar cylindrical coordinates : ウィキペディア英語版
Bipolar cylindrical coordinates

Bipolar cylindrical coordinates are a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system that results from projecting the two-dimensional bipolar coordinate system in the
perpendicular z-direction. The two lines of foci
F_ and F_ of the projected Apollonian circles are generally taken to be
defined by x=-a and x=+a, respectively, (and by y=0) in the Cartesian coordinate system.
The term "bipolar" is often used to describe other curves having two singular points (foci), such as ellipses, hyperbolas, and Cassini ovals. However, the term ''bipolar coordinates'' is never used to describe coordinates associated with those curves, e.g., elliptic coordinates.
==Basic definition==

The most common definition of bipolar cylindrical coordinates (\sigma, \tau, z) is
:
x = a \ \frac

:
y = a \ \frac

:
z = \ z

where the \sigma coordinate of a point P
equals the angle F_ P F_ and the
\tau coordinate equals the natural logarithm of the ratio of the distances d_ and d_ to the focal lines
:
\tau = \ln \frac}

(Recall that the focal lines F_ and F_ are located at x=-a and x=+a, respectively.)
Surfaces of constant \sigma correspond to cylinders of different radii
:
x^ +
\left( y - a \cot \sigma \right)^ = \frac \sigma}

that all pass through the focal lines and are not concentric. The surfaces of constant \tau are non-intersecting cylinders of different radii
:
y^ +
\left( x - a \coth \tau \right)^ = \frac \tau}

that surround the focal lines but again are not concentric. The focal lines and all these cylinders are parallel to the z-axis (the direction of projection). In the z=0 plane, the centers of the constant-\sigma and constant-\tau cylinders lie on the y and x axes, respectively.


抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
ウィキペディアで「Bipolar cylindrical coordinates」の詳細全文を読む



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